git常用命令

发布于 2018-12-01

git常用命令

Git(读音为/gɪt/。)是一个开源的分布式版本控制系统,可以有效、高速地处理从很小到非常大的项目版本管理。 [1] Git 是 Linus Torvalds 为了帮助管理 Linux 内核开发而开发的一个开放源码的版本控制软件。

命令:

git init
git add *
git commit -m "Initial commit"
git remote add origin https://github.com/testaccount/demo.git
git pull origin master --allow-unrelated-histories
git push -u origin master

1. 进入根目录

$ cd /Users/admin/Documents/work/demo

2. 初始化本地仓库

$ git init

输出如下:

Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/admin/Documents/work/demo/.git/

即创建了一个空的本地Git仓库。

3. 将代码添加到本地仓库

$ git add .

将根目录下的所有文件添加到本地仓库中,git add .

或者 git add --all 
或者 git add * 

如果只添加单个文件,只需把.换成你要添加的文件名即可,如git add README.md;

4. 把代码提交到本地仓库

git commit -m “添加你的注释,一般是一些更改信息”

$ git commit -m "Initial commit"

输出:

[master (root-commit) a77a31a] Initial commit
 47 files changed, 959 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 LICENSE
 create mode 100644 README.md
 create mode 100644 demo/.classpath
 create mode 100644 demo/.project
 create mode 100644 demo/.settings/org.eclipse.core.resources.prefs
 create mode 100644 demo/.settings/org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs
 create mode 100644 demo/.settings/org.eclipse.m2e.core.prefs
 create mode 100644 dem/pom.xml
 ......

5. 将本地的库链接到远程服务器

$ git remote add origin https://github.com/testaccount/demo.git

如果执行git remote add xxxx时报错fatal: remote origin already exists,解决办法:git remote rm origin,删除远程仓库的origin,然后再重新执行add命令。

6. 推送前先合并

这时候还是不可以push的,可能会提示:

To https://github.com/testaccount/demo.git
! [rejected]        master -> master (non-fast-forward)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/testaccount/demo.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind
hint: its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.
hint: 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.

意思是在push之前,需要先pull一下,将远程的主分支down下来,可以合并本地内容。

$ git pull origin master

如果报fatal:refusing to merge unrelated histories错误,意思是拒绝合并不相关的历史,确实本地是新加的内容还重未和线上连接过,或者线上手动添加了一个文件,未曾和本地代码仓库同步。解决办法:可以添加–allow-unrelated-histories参数,意思告诉系统我允许合并不相关历史的内容。

$ git pull origin master --allow-unrelated-histories

输出:

remote: Enumerating objects: 4, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (4/4), done.
From https://github.com/testaccount/demo
 * branch            master     -> FETCH_HEAD
 * [new branch]      master     -> origin/master
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
 .gitignore | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++

合并成功,如果不存在不相关历史的内容,可略过此步。

7. 推送到远程服务器

$ git push -u origin master

输出:

Counting objects: 135, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (63/63), done.
Writing objects: 100% (135/135), 12.75 KiB | 768.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 135 (delta 16), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (16/16), done.
To https://github.com/testaccount/demo.git
   e465e22..35e0d1e  master -> master
Branch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'origin'.

进入远程仓库个人控制台,刷新页面,会发现代码已经同步成功了。

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